The Man in the Iron Mask Page 30
Fréron, Elie, 192
Fresnoy, Elie du, 7, 164
Fresnoy, Marie Collot du (Mme Elie), 7
Fresquière (physician), 187
Fronde (uprisings), 21, 39
Funck-Brentano, Frantz, 211
Furneaux, Rupert, 216–17, 219
G
Gardien-Givrey, Jean, 171
Giafer, legend of, 181–82
Gile, Jean, 14
Girault/Gérault, Elisée, 171
Giraut, Honoré, 176, 178, 184
Giuliani, Benedetto, 87–88, 95
Gleichen, baron de, 210
Gramont, Catherine-Charlotte de. See Monaco, Princess of (Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont)
Grémonville, Jacques Bretel de, 211
Griffet, Père Henri, 194–95, 198–99, 202, 204
Grimm, baron de (Friedrich Melchior), 204
Guibourg, abbé, 215
Guiche, comte de, 211, 214
Guitaut, comte de (Guillaume de Pechpeyrou-Comminges), 141, 144
Guitry, marquis de, 37, 44, 48, 249n31
H
Hanover, Electress Sophia of, 179
Hartmann, Cyril Hughes, 230
Heiss, baron de, 195–96
Henri IV (France), 151
Herse, Jean, 157, 172; transfer of to Sainte-Marguerite, 158–59
Heurtaut (valet), 45
Histoire de la Détention (Delort), 209
Histoire de l’homme au masque de fer (Delort), 209
Histoire de l’Homme au masque de fer (La Borde), 202
Honneste (sieur de Valcroissant), 22–23
Hopkins, Tighe, 174
Hugo, Victor, 210
Huguenots: ministers of imprisoned, 151–52, 155–56, 162, 171; persecution of, 151
Hunt (conspirator), 179–80
I
Imbert, Claude, 211
Iron Mask, the. See Eustache
Isabella Clara, 86–87, 255n2
Isarn (lawyer), 71–73
Iung, Théodore, 24, 209
J
James II (England), 232
Jansenist clergy, 147
Johanne, Jean-François de, 171
L
La Beaumelle, Laurent Angliviel de, 188, 268n12
La Borde, Jean-Benjamin de, 202, 204, 207
La Bretonnière (government official), 23
La Coste (policeman), 157
Lafleur (prisoner), 121
La Force, duc de (Armand Nompar de Caumont), 71
La Forêt (valet), 13, 22, 24, 218, 245n7
La Grange-Chancel, Joseph de, 189–91
Lair, Jules, 211–13
Laloy, Emile, 217
Lamoignon, Guillaume de, 115
La Motte-Argencourt, Mlle de, 45
La Motte-Guérin, Charles de, 189
Lamy, 65
Lang, Andrew, 211
Lapierre (Jacobin/Mad Jacobin), 56, 154–55, 211, 270n37; conditions of imprisonment of, 56–57, 66–70, 122, 126, 131, 221; death of, 158; insanity of, 66–69, 96, 122, 126–27, 158; and religion, 57
La Prade, Jean de, 137, 140, 155–57, 159, 264n32
La Rivière (valet), 18, 22–23, 57–59, 62–63, 79–80, 83, 101, 104, 109, 115, 117, 138–39, 148, 155, 189, 218, 220, 226, 231; communication with forbidden, 135–36, 138–40; death of, 140, 142; illness of, 139; imprisonment of with Eustache, 109–10, 117, 119–20, 122, 174; quarters of at Exilles, 134, 136; and religion, 137, 140; transfer of to Exilles, 130–31, 134, will of, 139
Launay, René Jourdin de, 194–95, 269n19
Lauzun, chevalier de, 71–74, 100, 110, 122
Lauzun, comte de (Antonin Nompar de Caumont, marquis de Puyguilhem), 27, 37, 50, 154, 166, 189, 224, 226, 232, 248n5; arrest of, 33, 40; as captain of royal guard, 38–39, 46–48, 52–54, 62, 251n12; conditions of imprisonment improved, 75–77, 81–84, 100–101; correspondence with, 47, 52–54, 71, 81, 101, 104–5, 135–36, 251–52n14; courtship of M.–M. Foucquet by, 105–6, 118; depression of, 31; escape attempt by, 61–64, 134; family of, 70–71, 166–67; illnesses of, 42, 60–61, 72–74, 76–77; as inciter of Foucquet poisoning, 115–16; inheritance of, 71–73; journey to Pignerol of, 40–41, 220; and money, 104; negotiations for release of, 122–26; offenses committed by, 31–39, 43, 104, 107–9, 124–25; opinion of Foucquet by, 62, 100, 105–6; outside walks permitted for, 75–77, 81–83, 102, 110–11, 125; provisions for, 28–29, 51–52, 70; quarrel of with Foucquet, 105–6, 116, 118–19; quarters of, 28–29, 31, 43, 70, 109, 111, 122, 248n8; release of to Bourbon, 124–26, 167, 261n11; and religion, 44, 60; rescue conspiracy for, 45–46, 48; restrictions on, 27–30, 47–48, 52–53, 76, 100–102, 109–11; valets of, 27, 29–31, 41–45, 47, 51, 58–59, 63–65, 76–77, 104, 112, 220; visits to, 100, 102, 110, 122, 125, 166
La Vallière, Louise de, 61, 182
Le Breton, Jean de, 157, 171; transfer of to Sainte-Marguerite, 158–59
Legrain, sieur, 56
Lenfant (commissioner), 144
Le Nôtre, André, 101, 257n14
Leopold, Emperor, 90
Lesage (accomplice), 215
Le Siècle de Louis XIV (Voltaire), 184–88, 193, 195, 197, 223
Lestang. See Matthioli
Le Tellier, François-Michel (marquis de Louvois). See Louvois, marquis de (François-Michel Le Tillier)
Le Tellier, Louis. See Barbezieux, marquis de (Louis Le Tellier)
Le Tellier, Michel, 2, 56, 116, 154, 229
L’Histoire de Perse, 181–83, 188, 190–91
L’Homme au masque de fer (Topin), 209
Linguet (author), 202
Lionne, Hugues de, 11, 229
Loggier (conspirator), 45
Lorraine, chevalier, 215
Louis XIII, 170, 197–98, 205, 216–17
Louis XIV, 2–3, 5–7, 10–12, 15, 18–21, 23–24, 27–28, 31–39, 41, 45–48, 51, 53–55, 58–59, 61–62, 65–68, 73–78, 80–82, 85–86, 93, 99, 101–3, 109, 112–13, 127–28, 134, 153, 157, 160–62, 168, 170, 190–91, 196–98, 202, 205, 209–11, 213, 215–17, 219, 225–26; diplomacy, 11–12, 85–91, 227–31; Eustache as alleged older brother of, 197–99, 201–2, 210; Eustache as alleged twin brother of, 205–8, 210, 232; and Huguenot persecution by, 151–52; illegitimate children of, 122–23, 125–26, 182, 190; machinations of, 122–24; poisoning of Foucquet ordered by, 117; satire on, 182
Louis XV, 202–4, 207
Louis XVI, 207
Louvois, marquis de (François-Michel Le Tillier), 2, 7, 16, 20, 23–24, 27, 29–31, 33–34, 39–40, 42–48, 50–60, 64, 67–69, 75–76, 79, 81, 83–84, 93, 98–99, 101–4, 107–12, 118, 127–28, 130, 134–35, 138, 144–45, 151–52, 154, 157, 166, 185, 188, 195, 202, 215, 218–19, 226, 229, 231, 233; cruelty of, 48, 68–70, 95–96, 233; death of, 153, 231–32; hatred of for Lauzun, 33–34, 39, 48, 58–59; as inciter of Foucquet poisoning, 116–17
Loyauté (commissioner), 71–72
Luxembourg, duc de, 53, 251n12
M
Macdonald, Roger, 211
Mademoiselle (Anne-Marie-Louise d’Orléans, duchesse de Montpensier), 35–37, 39–41, 59, 62–63, 65, 72, 105, 122–26
Maine, duc de, 122–23, 125–26
Maisonel, M. de, 159
Malesherbes, Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de, 199, 269n25
Malzac, Mathieu de, 171
Man behind the Mask, The (Furneaux), 216
Man in the Iron Mask, legend of, 178–79, 181–82, 184–90, 195–208, 210–12, 216–18, 222–25, 232, 270n35
Man of the Mask, The (Barnes), 210
Mantua, duke of (Charles III), 86–87
Mantua, duke of (Ferdinand Charles de Gonzaga/Charles IV), 86–92
Maranville/Ricarville (prisoner), 174, 176
Marchiel/Marchioly, M. de, burial name of Eustache, 176, 199, 204, 232
Maria-Teresa. See Marie-Thérèse of Austria
Marie-Antoinette (queen of Louis XVI), 207–8
Marie-Louise de Gonzague, Queen, 11
Marie-Thérèse of Austria (
queen of Louis XIV), 11, 211, 226, 271n25
Marsolan, Jean, 187, 196–97
Martin (valet), 211
mask: black velvet, 176, 208, 222–24; iron, 183, 189–91, 193, 208, 222–23; steel, 147–48, 168, 185, 222, 224
Masque de fer, Le (Duvivier), 213
Masque de fer, Le (Mast), 216
Masque de fer, Le (Mouhy), 182–83
mass: attended by prisoners, 19, 28, 30, 57, 65–66, 176; black, 215
Massieu, Jean-Baptiste, 209
Mast, Marie-Madeleine, 216–17
Mathonnet (conspirator), 45–46
Mathurin, Gabriel, 171
Matthioli, Ercole Antonio Maria, comte (aka Lestang), 133, 154–55, 196, 203–4, 210–11, 224, 226, 232; arrest of, 93–94, 225; conditions of imprisonment of, 95–96, 122, 126, 131, 221; correspondence with, 95–97, 157; death of, 159, 203–4, 222; and diamond ring, 127; and diplomacy, 87–92, 255n5, 256n23; illness of, 113, 157; insanity of, 96–97, 126–27; known as Lestang in prison, 94–96, 221; transfer of to Sainte-Marguerite, 158–59; valet of (Rousseau), 95, 122, 158–59, 218, 221, 226
Maupertuis, marquis de (Louis de Melun), 40–41, 125
Maurepas, M. de, 207
Mauvans, abbé de, 147, 149
Mazarin, Cardinal, 6, 10, 20–21, 117, 164, 184, 189, 198, 205–6, 211, 214
Mazarin, duc de (Armand-Charles de La Porte, duc de La Meilleraye), 33, 249n19
Melgar, Count of, 92
Mémoires secrets pour servir à l’histoire de Perse. See L’Histoire de Perse
Molière, 211, 270n37
Monaco, Prince of (Louis de Grimaldi), 32
Monaco, Princess of (Catherine-Charlotte de Gramont), 31–33, 62, 248n18
Monaldeschi (lover), 211
Monmouth, James, duke of, 191–92, 194, 196
Montagu, Ralph, 229–30
Montagu, Walter, 229
Montclar, comte de, 66
Montecuccoli, Raymondo (Prince), 66
Montespan, Mme de Athénaïs, 34–39, 59, 61, 77–78, 89, 122–26, 230–31
Montglat, marquis de, 198
Montpensier, duchess de. See Mademoiselle
Motteville, Mme, 198–99
Mouhy, chevalier de (Charles de Fieux), 183, 223
N
Nallot, M. de, 24, 29
Nantes, edict of rescinded, 151
Nelaton (surgeon), 192
Neubourg, Marie-Anne de, 211
Nine Years’ War (War of the League of Augsburg), 153, 156, 162, 264n29
Nogent, comte de (Armand de Bautru), 41, 44, 48, 71
Nogent, comtesse de, 41, 44, 48, 71–74, 100, 122, 125
Noone, John, 217
P
Pagnol, Marcel, 81, 117
Palteau, Guillaume-Louis Formanoir de, 192–94, 223
Papon, Jean-Pierre, 199–201
Patin, Gui, 114
Pautre, Antoine le, 55
Peace of Ryswick, 162, 265n48
Pérouse, la (fortress), 18, 246n20
Perron, Stéphane, 139
Perronet, Mme, 205
Pertuis, 123
Petitfils, Jean-Christian, 80, 219, 226, 231
Pianesse, marquis de, 137
Piennes, marquis de (Antoine de Brouilly), 3, 219, 243n3
Pignerol: citadel of, 1–3, 5, 156; donjon of, 1, 5–7, 12, 14–15, 265n38; explosion of arsenal at, 17; later prisoners at, 154–56; security increases at, 18, 22–25, 64–65, 128; security lapses at, 17–18, 22–24, 44–45, 61–64, 122, 128; siege of, 156–58; town of, 4–5, 20, 77, 156, 243n6
Pinchesne (government official), 92
Plassot (conspirator), 45–46, 48–49, 114, 117, 250n57
poisoning, 113–19, 215–16, 259n17
Pompadour, Mme de, 203
Pomponne, Arnaud de, 91–92
Pontchartrain, 162
Poupart, sieur, 2
Prignani, Giuseppe, 211
Projet de Saint-Mandé (Foucquet plan), 20–21, 247n29
Q
Quadro, 128
Questions sur l’encyclopédie (Voltaire), 196–97
Quietist movement, 168
R
Ravaisson, François, 210
Recherches historiques et critiques (Roux-Fazillac), 209
Reilhe (Arriel/Reglhe), Abraham, 176–77, 180, 267n28
Renneville, René Auguste Constantin de, 175, 180–81, 219, 222
Richelieu, Cardinal, 4, 6, 170, 197, 205, 208, 216
Richelieu, duc de, 187
Richelieu, maréchal de, 204
Richemont. See Catinat, Nicolas de
Rignon, Antoine, 137–38
Riouffe, Jean de, 188
Rissan, M. de, 24, 128–29, 131, 247n38
Rollinde, 71, 253–54n1
Rosarges, Jacques, 166, 172–74, 176–78, 186, 199, 224, 267n28
Roussseau (La Rousseau/Russo) (valet), 95, 122, 131, 154–55, 157, 203, 218, 221–22, 226; transfer of to Sainte-Marguerite, 158–59
Roux-Fazillac, Pierre, 209
Ru, Antoine, 172, 178, 180, 267n3
Ruvigny, 229
S
Saint-Albans, comte de, 229
Saint André Montbrun, marquis de, 191
Saint-Foix, Germain-François Poullain de, 190–92, 194, 202
Saint-Jacques, M. de, 24
Saint-Mars, André Antoine, 6–7, 265n1
Saint-Mars, Antoine Bénigne, 6–7, 265n1
Saint-Mars, Bénigne Dauvergne de, 5–8, 17–19, 107–8, 127, 164, 175, 224, 232; correspondence with, 1–3, 7, 15–16, 18, 23, 26–31, 42, 52, 54, 58, 60, 67, 76, 93, 105, 108–9, 112–13, 120, 126, 130, 132–33, 135, 137–39, 142–46, 149–52, 154, 159–62, 166, 168, 171, 209, 218–19; death of, 178, 187; duties of, 15–16, 48, 56, 60, 64, 68, 75–76, 102, 109–11, 114, 121, 124–25, 128, 131, 135, 137, 154, 159–60, 162, 167, 186, 200; and false information given by, 24, 149, 167–68, 181, 191, 219; as governor of Bastille, 164–66, 168, 171–73, 175, 180, 185–86, 193, 196, 232; as governor of Pignerol donjon, 1, 5–7, 48, 50–51, 66, 68–69, 81, 114, 121–22, 124–25; as governor of Sainte-Marguerite, 141–42, 144–45, 147, 150, 158, 165, 167, 200–201; illnesses of, 138, 142, 145, 159–60; and money, 51, 104, 110, 129–30, 165–66; noble rank for, 50–51, 81, 251n3; as poisoner of Foucquet, 117; punishments enforced by, 43–44, 47, 52–53, 55–56, 64–66, 68–70, 82, 95–97, 102–4, 109–10, 112, 120, 125–27, 155, 167; and security measures, 1–3, 8, 14–15, 21–24, 27–30, 43–44, 46, 56, 64, 101–2, 107, 109–11, 114, 127–28, 134–39, 142, 145–46, 150–51, 154, 167, 171, 175, 193–94, 196, 200–201, 220–22, 231; and transfer to Bastille, 168; and transfer to Exilles, 129–30, 134, 165, 167; and transfer to Sainte-Marguerite, 146, 167; vacation of, 138–39
Saint-Mars, Marguerite Ancel des Granges, 7
Saint-Mars, Marie-Antoinette Collot, 6–7, 28, 101, 153, 165
Saint-Martin, chevalier de, 17, 65, 94
Saint-Quentin, Genevieve-Antoinette du Bois de, 201–2
Saint-Sauveur, chevalier de, 202
Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, 100, 105
Sainte-Marguerite (island), 141–44, 150, 185, 189, 263n13; Huguenots imprisoned on, 151–52, 155–56, 162, 171; prison routine on, 160–61; security on, 145, 147, 149–51, 158, 160–62, 167; transfer of Pignerol prisoners to, 158–59
Salvert, Louis Gervais de, 99, 101, 118
Salves, Pierre de (Valsec), 152, 155–56, 162, 171, 182, 195, 200
Savoie, duc de (Victor Amadeus II), 51, 121, 137, 140, 142–43, 156–59, 265n38
Savoie, duchesse de (Jeanne-Baptiste, princesse de Nemours), 91, 93
Scarron, Mme, 39, 122–23, 249n32
Schaichl, Franz, 211
Seignelay, marquis de, 47, 151, 162
Séverat, Nicolas, 17
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, 14, 44, 108, 113–14, 118
Sonnino, Paul, 211
Souchon, Claude, 203–4
Souchon, Jacques, 203
Sourches, marquis de, 153
sp
ys, 23, 42, 51–52, 58, 65–67, 107, 121, 157, 162, 175
Supplement to the Siècle de Louis XIV (Voltaire), 188
T
Tallemant des Réaux, 19
Tessé, comte de, 158–59
Thésut, Benoît de, 144
Thomassin-Mazaugues, Louis de, 147
Tirmon (prisoner), 174, 176, 266n20
Topin, Marius, 209
Torcy, marquis de, 175, 267n24. See also Colbert, Jean-Baptiste
Tournemine, abbé, 192
Traité des différentes sortes (Griffet), 194–95
Treaty of Dover, negotiations for, 228–32
Tremblay, Leclerc du, 170
Turenne, maréchal, 229
V
Valcroissant, sieur de (Honneste). See Honneste (sieur de Valcroissant)
Valois, Mlle de (Charlotte d’Orleans), 204
Vauban, seigneur de (Sébastien Le Prestre), 24, 144
Vauroy, Alexandre de, 2–4, 8, 55–56, 59, 210, 219–20, 223
Vaux, vicomte de (Louis Nicolas Foucquet), 99–101, 103, 108, 112, 118–19
Vaux-le-Vicomte (château), 13, 62, 99, 101
Verite sur le Masque de Fer (Iung), 209
Vermandois, comte de, 182, 190, 196
Versailles (palace), 62, 101
Vezou (physician), 117
Videl (prisoner), 133–34, 174, 263n57
Villebois, chevalier de, 94, 125, 131, 155, 264n32
Voltaire, 184–89, 191, 193, 195–201, 203–4, 208, 220, 223, 233, 267–68n4; sources used by, 187–88, 196–97
Voyage littéraire de Provence (Papon), 199
W
War of Devolution, 226
War of the League of Augsburg. See Nine Years’ War
William III, assassination attempt on, 179
Y
York, duke of, 227
THE MAN IN THE IRON MASK
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